A lungo is a "long" espresso: a shot pulled with the usual dose of ground coffee but with more water forced through the puck over a longer extraction time — roughly double the volume of a standard espresso. The name is Italian for "long", and letting the machine run on past the normal cut-off draws more soluble material out of the same grounds, including the later, more bitter and astringent compounds that a shorter pull leaves behind. The result is a larger, lighter-bodied cup that tastes more bitter, woody and sharply roasted than a normal espresso, with a thinner crema and a longer, drier finish. It sits at the diluted, extended end of the espresso family, opposite the concentrated ristretto, and completes the espresso-ratio family alongside the espresso and the doppio.
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